Vertex-Minor Universal Graphs for Generating Entangled Quantum Subsystems
Résumé
We study the notion of k-stabilizer universal quantum state, that is, an n-qubit quantum state, such
that it is possible to induce any stabilizer state on any k qubits, by using only local operations
and classical communications. These states generalize the notion of k-pairable states introduced
by Bravyi et al., and can be studied from a combinatorial perspective using graph states and
k-vertex-minor universal graphs. First, we demonstrate the existence of k-stabilizer universal graph
states that are optimal in size with n = Θ(k2) qubits. We also provide parameters for which a
random graph state on Θ(k2) qubits is k-stabilizer universal with high probability. Our second
contribution consists of two explicit constructions of k-stabilizer universal graph states on n = O(k
4) qubits. Both rely upon the incidence graph of the projective plane over a finite field Fq. This provides
a major improvement over the previously known explicit construction of k-pairable graph states with
n = O(23k), bringing forth a new and potentially powerful family of multipartite quantum resources.
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