This paper aims to present an optimization approach for the design and planning of a hydrogen supply chain in Corsica Island. The formulation developed is based on a multi-period approach using a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) methodology. Three configuration scenarios of the Hydrogen Supply Chain (HSC) considering three single objective case studies are investigated related to the minimization of the total daily cost, of greenhouse gas emissions and of a risk-based index, respectively. The production of hydrogen is expected to cover the future demand of the fuel cell electrical vehicles (FCEVs) fleet planned for the 2030 period. The key innovation proposed here is to reconcile design and strategic planning over a short period using monthly fluctuations of hydrogen demand according to the predicted fuel consumption of the territory. The single objective optimizations for the case study show a decentralized distribution of production, storage and distribution units across the territory, with a lowest hydrogen cost of 8 €/kg during the period of high demand. This approach can be used to explore appropriate incentive mechanisms to boost the hydrogen economy in an isolated territory.